With the continuous development of China's new energy industry, but also due to the instability of new energy photoelectric, wind power, etc., the state stipulates that the relevant wind, photoelectric must be matched with the corresponding energy storage equipment, in this major positive promotion, China's energy storage battery has also been greatly developed.
As far as we are currently talking about energy storage battery, it generally refers to lithium-ion energy storage battery, of course, due to the particularity of energy storage battery, it is different from power battery in many aspects, mainly including the following points:
1. Different application scenarios
Energy storage battery: small household energy storage and large base station type energy storage, large base station type energy storage is mainly used in battery clipping and valley filling, power grid frequency modulation, wind and photovoltaic rectification, etc., which is mainly to clipping and valley filling to earn the power difference. Thanks to the rapid development of China's communications industry, the current development of small energy storage in China is relatively rapid, small energy storage including emergency backup power supply in the base station, family ups power supply and so on.
Power battery: is specifically used to provide power for electric vehicles, electric bicycles, power tools and other mobile devices. Due to the volume and weight restrictions of the car, starting acceleration, and the requirements of the state's subsidy policy, the power battery has higher requirements in terms of energy density, bulk density, charge and discharge ratio, and battery safety, and the cost is naturally higher.
2. charge and discharge characteristics
Energy storage battery: usually has a low charge and discharge ratio, the charge and discharge speed is relatively not high, and pays more attention to the long cycle life and energy storage efficiency. Of course, for some special application scenarios may require large rate batteries, such as the power grid for frequency modulation use of energy storage batteries, generally require the use of large rate batteries.
Power battery: need to support high rate of charge and discharge, to meet the vehicle acceleration, climbing and other high-power output needs.
3. Energy density and power density
Power battery: For passenger cars, it is natural to hope that smaller volume and weight can carry more energy, such as the energy density of gasoline. Therefore, automotive lithium-ion batteries also need high energy density and high power output to meet the requirements of electric vehicles for driving range and acceleration performance.
Energy storage battery: for the peak-filling battery, it is generally two charges and two releases a day, but the energy storage battery generally has more space to store, so there is no special requirement for the energy density and power of the battery cell. The focus is more on safety and cost, and they often use more stable electrochemical materials and looser battery structures that can store more power and maintain stable performance over long periods of operation.
4. Cycle life
Energy storage battery: Since energy storage equipment is generally a long cycle investment, the owner unit generally requires it to have a longer working life and cycle life, such as the battery for peak cutting and valley filling, the general cycle is 4 to 6 years, the corresponding life requirements may be longer, requiring 8 years or more.
Power battery: The general life requirement of the power battery is 5 years or 300,000 kilometers, and the number of cycles is about 1000 to 2000 times.
5. Cost
Energy storage battery: Due to differences in application scenarios and performance requirements, energy storage batteries usually pay more attention to cost control to achieve the economy of large-scale energy storage systems.
Power battery: under the premise of ensuring performance, it is also constantly reducing costs, but the cost is relatively high.
6. Security
Power battery: Because the power battery is on the car, and there are a variety of application scenarios, especially the need to ensure that the car does not explode in traffic accidents. Therefore, the national standard for vehicles is the first to come out, such as the need for vibration, top ball and other forms of verification.
Energy storage battery: The system is large, once a fire may cause more serious consequences, so the fire protection standards for energy storage batteries are usually more stringent, including the response time of the fire extinguishing system, the amount and type of fire extinguishing agent. However, because the energy storage battery is not moving, it will not be shaken or hit when designing the product. At present, the country also puts forward the corresponding national standards.
7. Material selection
Power battery: It has been mentioned previously that the power battery requires a high energy density, so the production of power batteries requires high energy density and better rate performance, so the positive electrode material with a high specific capacity is usually selected, such as high nickel ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc., and the negative electrode material is generally selected graphite and so on. Now passenger car power batteries are also continuing to develop, there is a proposal to use solid-state batteries, that is, the use of solid electrolyte or lithium metal as a negative electrode.
Energy storage battery: pay more attention to long cycle life and cost effectiveness, so the positive electrode material may choose lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese acid and so on. In terms of electrolytes, energy storage batteries have relatively low requirements for ionic conductivity, but they have high requirements for stability and cost.
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